Laser light, like other forms of natural light, is generated by atomic (or molecular/ionic) transitions. However, it differs from ordinary light in that it relies on spontaneous emission only during the initial, extremely brief moment; the subsequent process is governed entirely by stimulated emission. Consequently, laser light possesses exceptional spectral purity, minimal divergence (high directionality), extremely high intensity, and high coherence.
Laser cutting utilizes the high-power-density energy generated by a focused laser beam. Under computer control, the laser is triggered to discharge in pulses, outputting a controlled, high-frequency pulsed beam with specific frequency and pulse-width characteristics. This beam is transmitted and reflected through the optical system and focused by a lens assembly onto the workpiece surface, creating a series of minute, high-energy-density spots. The focal point is positioned near the surface to be processed, where the material is instantly melted or vaporized by the intense heat. Each high-energy pulse instantly ablates a tiny hole in the material surface; under computer control, the laser processing head and the workpiece move continuously relative to one another-following a pre-programmed pattern-to shape the material as desired.
Process parameters (such as cutting speed, laser power, and gas pressure) and the motion trajectory are managed by a CNC system, while molten material at the cut zone is blown away by an assist gas delivered at a specific pressure.
